Nei mabhokisi ekutumira emagetsi anodzivirira kupetwa asingachinji ari kudiwa?
Chiteshi chepasi rose chemidziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi chinoshanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kuti chirambe chisina kukanganisa uku chichigadzirisa mitengo yekutakura zvinhu iri kuramba ichikwira. Sezvo ma semiconductor nodes achiderera uye ma printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) achiwedzera kuwanda, kunzwa kwezvikamu izvi ku electrostatic discharge (ESD) uye physical shock kunowedzera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mapoka ekutenga nevatungamiriri vemidziyo yemagetsi vari kukurumidza kuchinja kubva pakurongedza kamwe chete kuenda kumabhokisi ekutumira emagetsi anorema, anogona kushandiswazve akagadzirirwa kutakurwa zvakanyanya. Matangi makuru anopetwa (FLCs) uye ma sleeve packs zvave chinhu chakakosha mumidziyo yemagetsi yemazuva ano, zvichipa musanganiswa wakakosha wehunhu hwakanaka uye dziviriro yemagetsi.
Kudiwa kwemabhokisi ekutumira zvinhu zvemagetsi aya kwakawedzerwa nekuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwema semiconductor munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Nemafekitori makuru ekugadzira zvinhu (mafab) ari kuwedzera muNorth America, Europe, neSoutheast Asia, huwandu hwekutakura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana—kutakura mawafer asina kubikwa, ma substrates, uye ma microchips akapedzwa pakati pemafab, nzvimbo dzekuyedza, uye mafekitori ekuunganidza zvinhu—hwawedzera. Macheni aya ekupa zvinhu anoda kurongedza zvinhu zvinogona kurarama kwemakore ekufamba uku achichengetedza maparamendi eESD. Matangi anopetwa anorwisa static anosangana nechido ichi nekupa dziviriro yakasimba panguva yekutumira zvinhu kunze uye anodonha kusvika pachikamu chidiki chehuwandu hwawo hwakaunganidzwa kuti zvinhu zvidzoke zvinodhura.
Uyezve, mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, magariro evanhu, uye hutongi (ESG) iri kukurudzira vatengi vakawanda kuti vabvise zvinhu zvinogadzirwa kamwe chete kubva mumambure avo. Kurongedza kunodhura hakungoburitsi marara akawanda chete asiwo kunounza huwandu husingagamuchirwi hwezvinhu zvinosvibisa munzvimbo dzakachena. Mabhodhoro epurasitiki anopetwa anopa imwe nzira inogara kwenguva refu, yakachena, uye inodzorwa zvakanyanya. Nekuderedza mari yekutanga inoshandiswa mumazana ematanho ekutengesa, vagovanisi vemabhizinesi nevagadziri vemidziyo yekutanga (OEMs) vanowana kudzikiswa kukuru kwemutengo wekuva muridzi (TCO) uku vachichengetedza kuvimbika kwemitengo yemagetsi inodhura zvakanyanya.
Zvinodiwa zvikuru zveESD uye zvekugadzirisa zvinhu
Muzvinhu zvinotakura magetsi, kurongedza kunofanirwa kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi asingachinji (tribocharging) uye kubvisa zvakachengeteka chero muripo unoitika. Mabhokisi ekutumira emagetsi anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yepasi rose yakaoma, kunyanya ANSI/ESD S20.20 uye IEC 61340-5-1. Mitemo iyi inoti zvinhu zvekurongedza zvinofanira kunge zviri munzvimbo dzakasiyana zvichienderana nekushandiswa. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvinoparadza—kubva pa$10^5$ kusvika pa$10^{11}$ ohms—zvinofarirwa pamidziyo yakawanda, sezvo zvichinonotsa kuburitswa kwemagetsi asingachinji, zvichidzivirira ma arcs anongoerekana aitika, anoparadza ma microprocessors akapfava. Zvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo zvakanyanya (zvisingasviki $10^4$ ohms) zvinogona kushandiswa pakudzivirira mukati asi zvinogona kukonzera njodzi yekuburitswa kwemhepo nekukurumidza kana mudziyo une chaji ukasangana zvakananga.
Kunze kwekudzora kweESD, kubata kwakachena chinhu chisingadikanwi kune macheni e semiconductor supply. Kurongedza kunopinda mu ISO Class 5 kusvika ISO Class 7 cleanrooms hakugone kubvisa tunhu tudiki, kubvisa magasi volatile organic compounds (VOCs), kana kuchengetedza zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvipenyu. Mabhokisi echinyakare ane corrugated, kunyangwe akarapwa ne anti-static coatings, anogadzira guruva remapepa kuburikidza nekukweshana nekuora. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) kana polypropylene (PP) foldable containers, dzakasanganiswa ne permanent static-dissipative polymers kana carbon black, dzinobvisa particulate shedding. Uyezve, mapurasitiki aya anogona kucheneswa kakawanda uchishandisa specialized cleanroom wiping protocols pasina kukanganisa hunhu hwavo hwe structure kana electrostatic, zvichiita kuti asvike pakuchena kwakasimba kunodiwa ne tier-one semiconductor fabs.
Mamiriro ekushandisa zvinhu zve semiconductor uye zvemagetsi akakodzera zvakanyanya
Matangi anopetwa asingachinji anopa purofiti yakawanda kubva mukudyara muzvigadziko zvemagetsi zvinofamba-famba, zvakavharika. Chinhu chikuru ndechekutakurwa kwemawafer e semiconductor pakati pemafekitori ekugadzira zvinhu zvemberi nemidziyo yekubatanidza nekuyedza (OSAT). Munzira idzi, mapallet akajairwa emawafer pods anorema, asina kusimba anoda dziviriro yakasimba yeperimeter uye footprint yemudziyo weESD-safe bulk. Hunhu hwekupetwa hunobvumira matangi asina chinhu kudzoserwa kumidziyo yakagadzirwa ne3:1 kana 4:1 consolidation ratio, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yekutakura zvinhu.
Imwe nzira yakanakisisa yekushandisa ndeyekutumira kwakawanda kwemayuniti ekudzora mota (ECUs) uye masisitimu ekugadzirisa mabhatiri (BMS) kuenda kumitsetse yekubatanidza mota. Kugadzira mota kunoshanda nemutemo wakasimba weJust-In-Time (JIT), uchida kurongedza kwakajairika kunoenderana nemotokari dzinotungamirirwa otomatiki (AGVs) uye masisitimu ekuburitsa marobhoti. Mabhokisi makuru ekutumira emagetsi anopetwa ane dunnage yakachengetedzwa neESD anodzivirira thermoformed dunnage anodzivirira zviuru zveECU papallet imwe neimwe. Kutakura mutoro kunorema kwemakontena aya kunotsigira huremu hwakawanda hwemagetsi emotokari, nepo magonhi ekudonhedza parutivi achibvumira vashandisi vepadivi kuti vasvike kune zvikamu zvisina kubvisa kontena kubva parack yekupa.
Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi ekuenzanisa
Pakuongorora kutenga mabhokisi emagetsi ekutakura zvinhu, hunyanzvi hunoratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo uye kuchengetedzeka kwemutoro wemagetsi. Mapoka ekutenga zvinhu haafanire kuvimba nedata remhando dzakasiyana; anofanira kuongorora magadzirirwo emudziyo. Magadzirirwo emakontena makuru anopetwa anoratidza kuti achakwanisa sei kutsungirira simba rekutakura zvinhu pasi rose, kutakura forklift, uye kuisa zvinhu mudura, zvese izvi zvichichengetedza dziviriro yemagetsi inotenderera zviri mukati.
Chinhu chakakosha pakuenzanisa zvinhu zvakakosha ndechekunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pemishonga inorwisa static nezvinhu zvinofambisa huwandu hwemhepo. Matangi akachipa anogona kushandisa zvinhu zvinokwezva hunyoro kubva mumhepo kuti zvigadzire chikamu chinoparadza. Zvisinei, machira aya anopera nekufamba kwenguva, anosukwa panguva yekuchenesa, uye anokundikana zvachose munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hushoma (senge nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu dzinodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze kana dzimba dzakaoma). Mabhokisi ekutumira emagetsi emhando yepamusoro anoshandiswa nemaindasitiri anoshandisa mapolymer anogara aripo, anoparadza kana mapurasitiki ane kabhoni uko hunhu hweESD hunoumbwa kuita chimiro chemamorekuru echinhu ichi, zvichiita kuti chishande zvakanaka pasinei nehunyoro hwenzvimbo.
Uyezve, vatengi vanofanira kuongorora mashandiro emakanika emakanika ekupeta. Mahinji, machira, uye machira emadziro ndiwo anonyanya kukundikana pakurongedza kunoshandiswazve. Makanika emhando yepamusoro anoshandisa mahinji akasungirirwa, mbabvu dzakasimbiswa, uye marunner anotsiviwa. Kuenzanisa magadzirirwo aya ehunyanzvi kunoita kuti makanika akasarudzwa ararame hupenyu hwemakore mashanu kusvika manomwe asina kukundwa nekukundikana kwemakanika nekukurumidza kana kuora kweESD, nokudaro zvichidzivirira mari yose inoshandiswa.
Zvinhu, kufambisa, mutoro, uye kugona kupetwa
Zvinhu zvekutanga zvemabhokisi ekutumira zvinhu zvemagetsi eindasitiri zvinowanzova polypropylene (PP) yakachinja-chinja kana polyethylene ine density (HDPE). Pamashandisirwo eESD, aya ma base resin anosanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu. Kabhoni nhema inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakufambisa zvinhu zvachose, kunyangwe ichikonzera magaba matema asina kujeka uye dzimwe nguva inogona kusiya mavanga ekudonha kwekabhoni kana isina kusanganiswa zvakanaka. Neimwe nzira, mapolymers anoparadza (IDPs) anopa dziviriro yekusingaperi yeESD pasina kudonha kwekabhoni uye anogona kugadzirwa nemavara akasiyana-siyana ekufambisa zvinhu nemaziso.
Kukwanisa kurema kunokamurwa kuita zvinhu zvinoshanduka (mukutakura), zvisingachinji (kurongedza zvinhu mudura), uye zvinorembera. Mudziyo unopetwa unorema unofanirwa kutsigira mutoro unoshanduka we500 kg kusvika 800 kg, uye mutoro usingachinji we3,000 kg, zvichibvumira kuunganidzwa kwakachengeteka kwemayuniti mana kusvika mashanu mudura. Kugona kupetwa kunoyerwa nechiyero chekudzoka. Mudziyo wepamusoro unodonha kubva pakukwirira kwe1,000 mm kusvika pa300 mm, zvichiita kuti kudzoka kushande zvakanaka kweanopfuura 300%.
| Chikamu Chekutsanangurwa | Paramita | Standard yeIndasitiri / Target Range |
|---|---|---|
| Nheyo Yezvinhu | Rudzi rwePolymer | Virgin HDPE kana Impact-Modified PP |
| Zvivakwa zveESD | Kuramba Pamusoro | $10^5$ kusvika $10^{11}$ $\Omega$ (Yakasiyana) |
| ESD Hurefu | Rudzi rwekuwedzera | Inofambisa Vhoriyamu (Carbon) kana IDP (Yechigarire) |
| Kukwanisa Kutakura | Kufamba Kwemhepo (Kufambisa) | 500 kg – 800 kg |
| Kukwanisa Kutakura | Kusamira (Kwakarongwa) | 2,500 kg – 3,500 kg |
| Kushanda Nesimba Kwezvinhu | Chiyero chekupeta | 3:1 kusvika 4:1 |
| Kushivirira Kupisa | Tembiricha yekushanda | -20°C kusvika +60°C |
Kuenzana, kuiswa, uye kuenderana kwekubata
Kugadzika kwakakosha kuti pave nekubatana kwakasununguka mune network dzepasi rose dzekutakura zvinhu. MuEurope neAsia, tsoka dze1,200 x 1,000 mm uye 1,200 x 800 mm (EURO) dzinonyanya kutaurwa, nepo tsoka dze48 x 45 inch dziri dzakajairika muzvikamu zvemotokari nemagetsi zveNorth America. Kusarudza tsoka dzakakodzera kunoita kuti nzvimbo ishandiswe zvakanaka mukati memidziyo yekutakura zvinhu yegungwa (TEUs) uye matrailer emota dzakaoma, zvichibvisa nzvimbo dzisina chinhu dzinokonzera kutamiswa kwemitoro uye kukuvara kwekufambisa.
Goko rekunze rinongova hafu yemhinduro yekurongedza; dunnage yemukati yakakoshawo. Matangi anopetwa anofanira kunge aine zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakaita seESD-safe cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) foam, thermoformed conductive trays, kana corrugated plastic dividers. Izvi zvinodzivirira zvikamu zvega zvega, zvichidzivirira kuvhunduka kwemuviri uye tribocharging inokonzerwa nekukweshana kwezvikamu. Kubata zvinoenderana kunoda base yemapallet yekupinda ine nzira ina, zvichibvumira forklifts nemapallet jacks kupinda mugaba kubva chero kudivi. Pamusoro pezvo, mabases anofanira kunge aine chamfered edges uye RFID tracking pockets kuti zvibatanidzwe ne automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) uye automated guided vehicles (AGVs) dzinowanzoshandiswa mu semiconductor fabs dzemazuva ano.
Mashandisirwo emidziyo inopetwa inorwisa static inoenzaniswa sei nedzimwe nzira
Nyanzvi dzekutenga zvinhu dzinoongorora mabhokisi ekutumira zvinhu zvemagetsi dzinofanira kuyera magaba emidziyo inopetwa inopetwa inorwisa kusagadzikana zvichienderana nedzimwe nzira dzekare dzekurongedza. Magadzirirwo emabhokisi emidziyo yemagetsi anowanzo sanganisira kadhibhodhi rinopetwa rinoshandisika (rakagadziriswa ESD), midziyo yepurasitiki yakaoma (isingapetwi), uye simbi yakanyungudutswa. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoratidza huwandu hwakasiyana hwemitengo yekutanga, hurefu hwekushanda, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuvimbika kwemagetsi. Kunzwisisa mutengo wese wekuva muridzi (TCO) mumafomu aya kwakakosha pakuita sarudzo dzekutsvaga zvinhu dzinoenderana nehurongwa hwenguva refu hwekufambisa zvinhu zvemakambani.
Mabhokisi esimbi anodhura zvishoma anomiririra mutengo wakaderera wekutanga uye akadzika midzi mumaketani emagetsi asina kudzoserwa. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvesimbi hazvina kuomarara kana hunyoro hwakanyanya, hazvidziviriri zvakanyanya kubva pakukuvadzwa zvakanyanya, uye zvinozivikanwa nekudonha kwezvikamu. Kunyange zvazvo zvichigona kuputirwa nemakemikari anodzivirira static, dziviriro iyi ndeyenguva pfupi uye inoenderana zvikuru nehunyoro hwemhepo. Mabhokisi epurasitiki akaomarara anogadzirisa matambudziko ekugara kwenguva refu uye kuchena kwemabhokisi esimbi asi anounza kusashanda zvakanaka kukuru muzvinhu zvinodzoserwa kumashure. Kutumira mabhokisi asina chinhu akaomarara kunzvimbo yekugadzira zvinoreva kubhadhara mitengo yekutakura mhepo, zvichiwedzera mari yekutakura zvinhu nekukurumidza.
Matangi anopetwa asingapindiki anovhara musiyano uripo pakati pekuchengetedzwa kwemabasa anorema uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezvinhu. Kunyange zvazvo achidhura mari yekutanga zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzakagadzirwa nesimbi dzakatetepa, kugona kwawo kuputsika kunoderedza mari yekutakura zvinhu ne70% kusvika 80% kana tichienzanisa nemapurasitiki akaomarara. Uyezve, kuvakwa kwawo nemadziro akavharwa kunodzivirira magetsi anonzwa kubva kuguruva, hunyoro, uye kukuvara kwemuviri zviri nani kupfuura simbi yakavhurika, iyo inorema, inowanzobatwa nengura, uye inoda tambo dzakaoma dzepasi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ESD yakachengeteka.
ESD, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuenzanisa mutengo
Kana tichienzanisa mashandiro eESD, mapurasitiki anopetwa ane huwandu hwakawanda anochengetedza kusimba kwakasimba kwe $10^5$ kusvika $10^{11}$ ohms muhupenyu hwawo hwemakore mashanu kusvika manomwe. Mabhokisi akagadziriswa anowanzo rasikirwa neESD mukati memwedzi, zvichikonzera kusatevedzera mitemo panguva yerwendo rurefu rwekutakura zvinhu mugungwa kana kuchengetera zvinhu mudura kwenguva refu. Matangi esimbi anofambisa zvinhu (asingasviki $10^4$ ohms), izvo zvinogona kuva nengozi kana chikamu chakachajwa chikabata simbi isina chinhu, zvichida mari yekuwedzera yekuisa zvinhu mukati.
Kugara kwenguva refu kunokanganisa zvakananga mwero wekutsiva uye TCO. Mabhokisi ane kongiri anowanzo shandiswa kamwe chete kana kuti anogumira kumatanho maviri kusvika matatu. Mabhokisi epurasitiki anopetwa akagadzirwa kwemasevhisi zana kusvika mazana matatu zvichienderana nekuoma kwecheni yekutenga. Kunyange hazvo mudziyo weESD unopetwa unorema ungadhura pakati pemadhora zana nemakumi mashanu kusvika mazana matatu ($150) nemadhora mazana matatu ($300) pakutanga, mutengo werwendo rumwe chete unodzikira kusvika pamadhora mashoma chete muhupenyu hwawo, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari inoramba ichidzokororwa yekutenga zviuru zvemabhokisi ekongiri anoshandiswa kamwe chete.
| Rudzi rweKurongedza | Mutengo wekutanga | Kugara kwenguva refu (Maitiro Ekufamba) | Kuvimbika kweESD | Mutengo weReverse Logistics | Kudurura tuzvimedu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESD Corrugated | Zvakaderera Zvikuru | 1 - 3 | Zvakaderera (zvinoenderana nehunyoro) | Hazvina kunaka (Yakaraswa) | Yakakwirira |
| Plasitiki Yakasimba ESD | Pakati nepakati | 100 - 300 | Yakakwirira (Inogara) | Yakakwira Zvikuru (Zvikepe hazvina chinhu) | Zero |
| Zvidzitiro zveSimbi | Yakakwirira | 500+ | Inoda mapurasitiki/kuisirwa pasi | Yakakwirira Zvikuru (Yakakura/Yakasimba) | Zvakaderera |
| Plastiki Inopetwa ESD | Yakakwirira | 100 - 300 | Yakakwirira (Inogara) | Yakaderera (Inodonha 3:1) | Zero |
Kana midziyo inopetwa iriyo sarudzo iri nani
Matangi anopetwa asingapindiki ndiwo sarudzo yakanakisisa isingapokanwe mumaketani ekutengesa akavharwa ane huwandu hwakawanda uye nzendo dzekudzoka nguva nenguva. Kana mugadziri wezvemagetsi achitumira maPCBA kubva kufekitori iri kuMexico kuenda kufekitori yekuunganidza muTexas vhiki rega rega, kutendeuka nekukurumidza uye nzira dzinofungidzirwa dzekudzoka dzinowedzera ROI yekurongedza kunopetwa. Mari inochengetwa nekuputsika kwematangi ekudzoka kuMexico inokurumidza kudzikamisa mutengo wekutanga wekutenga, kazhinji ichiwana mukana wekuwana zororo mukati memwedzi gumi nemiviri kusvika gumi nemisere.
Ndiwo sarudzo yepamusoro kana paine zvinodiwa kuti zvinhu zvienderane nemidziyo yekuchenesa. Makambani ekugadzira zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro anoshandisa michina yekuchenesa yeISO Class 6 anorambidza zvinhu zvakapwanyika. Mabhokisi epurasitiki anopetwa anogona kuchinjwa kubva mumarori ekutakura kuenda kuma airlock emidziyo yekuchenesa, opukutwa ne isopropyl alcohol pasina kukanganisa hunhu hwavo hweESD, uye oendeswa zvakananga kuSMT (Surface Mount Technology). Kusiyana neizvi, mumaketani ekutengesa akazaruka uko zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa pasi rese kune vashandisi vakasiyana-siyana uye kudzoreredzwa kwemapakeji hazvigoneke, kurongedza kunodhura kunoramba kuri sarudzo inodiwa, kunyangwe isina dziviriro yakawanda.
Kuongorora kuwanikwa, kutevedzera mitemo, uye vimbiso yemhando yepamusoro
Kutsvaga mabhokisi ekutumira emagetsi emhando yepamusoro kunoda nzira yakaoma yekuongorora inopfuura mitengo yemayuniti. Nzvimbo yepasi rose yekurongedza mapurasitiki inorema inowanikwa munzvimbo dzine kugona kwakasimba kwekuisa majekiseni uye kuburitsa zvinhu, kunyanya munzvimbo dzeWestern Europe, North America, uye nzvimbo dzakawanda dzeEast Asia. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwemakontena makuru anopetwa, anodzivirira static, kunoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekugadzira zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa izvo vazhinji vanogadzira mapallets vasina. Mapoka ekutenga anofanirwa kufamba munzvimbo iyi nekungwarira kudzivirira vatengesi vanotsiva maIDPs echigarire nependi dzechinguvana dzakachipa.
Kutevedzera mitemo muchikamu chekurongedza zvinhu zvemagetsi kunotongwa nehurongwa hwemitemo yepasi rose hunosanganisira kuchengetedzeka kwemagetsi, mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, uye mitemo yekubata zvinhu. Vatengi vezvitoro vanotengesa zvinhu zvakawanda vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti kurongedza hakungotevedzere chete mitemo yeESD asiwo neRestriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) uye mirairo yeRegistration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Kusatevedzera mitemo munzvimbo idzi kunogona kukonzera kuti zvinhu zvese zvemagetsi zviiswe muchivande pamiganhu yemutero kana kurambwa nevatengi vakuru veOEM vanoda kujekeswa kwezvekutengeswa kwezvinhu.
Kuvimbiswa kwemhando hakufanirwe kuva chinhu chakaitwa mushure menguva pfupi; chinofanira kubatanidzwa muchibvumirano chekutsvaga. Vatengi vanofanira kuraira kuti vaongorore zvinhu zvisati zvatumirwa uye kukumbira maCertificate of Analysis (CoA) ayo anosimbisa kuramba kwenzvimbo uye kugona kwemutoro wemuchina wekugadzira. Kugadzira hurongwa hwakasimba hweQA kunoita kuti mabhokisi ekutumira emagetsi anosvika panzvimbo yekugovera ashande sezvakaratidzwa, achichengetedza mamiriyoni emadhora emari emidziyo ye semiconductor kubva mukukuvadzwa kusingaonekwe.
Zvinodiwa pakukodzera mutengesi
Kuti mupi wemidziyo akwanise kugadzira magaba asingapindiki (anti-static petable containers) zvinoda kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi hwavo hwekugadzira uye masisitimu ekutarisira mhando. Chinodiwa chekutanga chitupa cheISO 9001, asi vatengesi vetier-one vanofanirawo kuva neISO 14001 (Environmental Management) uye zviri nani kuti vave nehunyanzvi hwekuchenesa kana hwekugadzirisa nharaunda. Mapoka ekutenga anofanira kuongorora nzvimbo dzemugadziri wemidziyo; mugadziri ane hunyanzvi anofanira kunge aine michina yekuita bvunzo yekuora kwesimbi inotenderera uye kudzivirira kwenzvimbo panguva yekubvisa nekuumba.
Uyezve, vatengi vanofanira kuongorora kugona kwekugadzira uye kuva nemidziyo yekushandisa. MaFLC makuru anoda michina mikuru, ine matani akawanda ekugadzira. Vatengesi vanofanirwa kuratidza kugona kwavo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehuwandu hwepamusoro uye kubata huwandu hweodha hunoenderana nehurongwa hwekutanga kwemutengi. Zvakakoshawo kuona kana mutengesi ari iye muridzi wezvigadzirwa zvemaforoma kana zvekunze, sezvo kushanda zvakananga nemugadziri kunovimbisa kutonga kuri nani pamusoro pekugadzirwa kweresin yakagadzirwa, nguva dzekutungamira, uye rutsigiro rwewarandi mushure mekutengesa kwezvikamu zvekutsiva senge mahinge nemagonhi ekudonhedza.
Maitiro ekusimbisa mashandiro eESD uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa
Kusimbisa mashandiro eESD kunoda nzira dzakajairwa dzekuedza. Mapoka ekutenga anofanira kuraira vatengesi kuti vaedze zvinhu zvinoenderana neANSI/ESD STM11.11 kuti vaone kana zvinhu zviri pamusoro uye ANSI/ESD STM11.31 kuti vaone kana zvinhu zviri pamusoro zvinodzivirira. Chishandiso chikuru chekuongorora i megohmmeter (inowanzonzi surface resistivity meter) ine mapound mashanu e concentric ring probes. Pavanogamuchira prototype kana batch itsva, mapoinzi eQA anofanira kuyedza mapoinzi akawanda pamudziyo—kusanganisira hwaro, mativi emadziro, uye mahinji—kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kudzivirira kwakafanana kuri pakati pe $10^5$ ne $10^{11}$ ohms, zvichiratidza kuti hapana "nzvimbo dzakafa" dzinodzivirira.
Kutevedzera zvinhu kunopfuura kudzora kwemamiriro ekunze. Vatengi vanofanirwa kuda magwaro anoratidza kuti polymer blends haina simbi dzinorema uye phthalates dzakaganhurirwa kuti dzitevedzere RoHS neREACH.
- Chitupa Chekutevedzera Mutemo (CoC): Inofanira kuperekedza zvese zvinotumirwa, ichitaura zvakajeka chinowedzera cheESD chinoshandiswa (semuenzaniso, kabhoni nhema kana IDP).
- Kuedzwa kweKuora Kusingachinji: Kusimbiswa kwekuti chinhu chacho chinogona kudzima chaji ye1,000-volt kusvika pasi pe100 volts mumasekondi asingasviki 2.0 (pa MIL-PRF-81705D kana zvimwe zvakafanana).
- Kuedzwa kwekugeza: Kuti vaone kuti zvinhu zveESD zvinogara zviripo, vatengi vanofanira kukumbira kuti mudziyo wemuenzaniso ugezwe nesipo dzemaindasitiri kana isopropyl alcohol uye uongororwe zvakare kuona kuti kudzivirira pamusoro pechinhu hakuna kupera, izvo zvingaratidza kuti chifukidziro chekunze chisina kunaka.
Kuitwa kwevanogovera nemapoka ekutenga
Kuwana mabhokisi ekutumira zvinhu zvemagetsi akakodzera inguva yekutanga chete; kuigadzira zvakanaka kunoreva kudzoka kwemari. Kune vanogovera zvinhu nemapoka ekutenga zvinhu, kubatanidza macontainer matsva anopetwa asingadzoreki kunoda kubatana pakati pezvinhu zvinofambiswa, mashandiro emudura, uye kudzorwa kwemhando. Kuchinja kubva pakurongedza zvinhu zvinoshandisika kuenda kumidziyo inoshandiswazve kunoda shanduko mukufunga kwekushanda. Macontainer aya haasisiri ekushandisa anoraswa; imidziyo yemari inoteverwa inofanirwa kutarisirwa, kuchengetwa, uye kudzoserwa zvakanaka.
Chinhu chakakosha pakuita izvi kutevedza midziyo yemagetsi. Nekuti midziyo yemagetsi yeESD inopetwa yepamusoro inomiririra mari yakawanda, kurasikirwa (kuderera) mukati meketani yekugovera kunogona kukurumidza kuparadza ROI inofungidzirwa. Mapoka ekutenga anofanira kutsanangura kuiswa kwema RFID tags kana ma 1D/2D barcodes ane musiyano mukuru panguva yekugadzira. Nekubatanidza aya ma identifiers ekutevera neWarehouse Management System (WMS) yekambani kana Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software, vatariri vezvekufambisa vanogona kutarisa nzvimbo dzemidziyo, kutevera kuverengwa kwemitengo, uye kusimbisa zvibvumirano zvekudzoka nevanobatana navo kana nzvimbo dzeOSAT.
Kuedza kwevatyairi vendege inzira inokosha pakati pekutenga nekutanga kushandiswa kwemidziyo yakazara. Vasati varaira mayunitsi zviuru gumi, vagovanisi vanofanira kuita chirongwa chekuedza chemuno chine makontena zana kusvika mazana mashanu. Chikamu ichi chekuedza chinobvumira timu yekushanda kuti ione kushanda kwemakontena mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo—kuyedza kuti anokwana sei mumarori ekutakura emunharaunda, kuti anoshanda sei nemidziyo yemagetsi inoshanda otomatiki, uye kana zvivakwa zveESD zvichiri kushanda munzvimbo chaidzo dzekufambisa. Data rakaunganidzwa panguva yekuedza rinoita kuti zvigadziriso zvinodiwa pakugadzira zvinhu zvemukati kana maitiro ekubata zvinhu zviitwe usati wapedza kubhadhara mari yakawanda.
Matanho ekugadzirisa zvinhu zviri mudura uye kurongedza zvinhu nguva dzose
Kugadzirisa maitiro ekurongedza nekubata zvinhu kwakakosha kudzivirira kukuvara kwemidziyo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti ESD yakachengeteka nguva dzose.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva
- Zvinoreva kutenga zvinhu zvakawanda uye kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi mumabhokisi ekutumira zvinhu zvemagetsi
- Zvinodiwa, kutevedzera mitemo, uye mitemo yekutengeserana iyo vatengi vanofanira kusimbisa
- Mazano anogona kushandiswa kune vanogovera nemapoka ekutenga
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Sei uchishandisa midziyo inopetwa isingachinjiki pakugadzira zvinhu zve semiconductor?
Dzinosanganisa dziviriro yeESD, kuramba kuvhunduka, uye kugona kushandiswazve kwehuwandu hwakawanda. Magadzirirwo anopetwa anoderedzawo huwandu hwezvinhu zvisina chinhu zvinodzoserwa, zvichibatsira mafekitori nemaOEM kuderedza marara ekutakura zvinhu uye ekurongedza.
Ndeipi mhando yeESD inowanzo shandiswa pamabhokisi ekutumira zvinhu zvemagetsi?
Pakutakura zvinhu zvinoshandisa magetsi akawanda, zvinhu zvinoparadza zvinhu zvinosvika 10^5 kusvika 10^11 ohms zvinowanzo shandiswa nekuti zvinodzora chaji zvakachengeteka pasina kuburitsa mvura kamwe kamwe.
Mabhokisi epurasitiki anopetwa ari nani pane mabhokisi emarata ari mumakamuri akachena here?
Ehe. Zvirongo zveHDPE kana PP zvinodzivirira static zvinobvisa zvidimbu zvishoma, zvinogona kucheneswa kakawanda, uye zvakakodzera kushandiswa neISO Class 5 kusvika 7 pane kurongedza zvakarukwa.
Ndezvipi zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinokwana midziyo mikuru yeESD inopetwa zvakanakisisa?
Dzakanakira kutamiswa kwemapodhi ewafer, kufamba kwePCBA, uye kutumirwa kweECU kana mayuniti eBMS akawanda mucheni dzekutengesa dzakavharika dzine zvinhu zvinodzoserwa nguva nenguva.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanira kuenzaniswa nevatengi mumabhokisi makuru ekutumira zvinhu zvemagetsi?
Tarisa kuti ESD inoenderana here, kuti cleanroom ienderane sei, kuti mutoro unokwanisa kuchengetwa sei, kuti footprint ratio inopetwa sei, kuti footprint standardization ienderane sei, kuti custom dunnage options dzishandiswe sei, uye kuti access features dzakaita seinodonhedzwa seinosarudzwa.