Nhanganyaya
Sezvo kugadzirwa uye kutumirwa kwemabhatiri eEV nemagetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi zvichikwira, kurongedza kwave chikamu chakakosha chekuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa pane kusarudza zvinhu zvinogara zvichiitwa. Nekuti mabhatiri e-lithium anodzorwa sezvinhu zvine njodzi, kurongedza kunoshandiswa kufambisa masero, mamodule, uye mapaketi kunofanirwa kuita zvinopfuura kudzivirira kukuvara: kunofanirwa kuderedza njodzi yepfupi, kutsungirira kukanganiswa, uye kutsigira kutevedzera pamutemo kwekutakura. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kuti nei kurongedza kwakasimbiswa neUN kuchikosha muindasitiri yemabhatiri matsva emagetsi, njodzi dzipi dzachinobatsira kudzora, uye kuti sarudzo chaiyo yekurongedza inogona sei kuchengetedza kutumirwa, kudzivirira kukanganisa kunodhura, uye kusimbisa kuvimbika kwekushanda kwese kwese kwekutengesa.
Nei Kurongedza Kwakasimbiswa neUN Kuchikosha paMabhatiri Matsva Emagetsi
Kukurumidza kukurumidzira kwemotokari itsva yemagetsi (NEV) uye grid-scale energy storage sectors kwakachinja zvakanyanya mabhatiri epasi rose. Sezvo kudiwa kwemabhatiri e lithium-ion (Li-ion) ne solid-state pasi rose kuchifungidzirwa kuti kuchapfuura 3.5 TWh panosvika 2030, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvine simba rakawanda zvinoyambuka miganhu yepasi rose hwakakonzera kutarisirwa kwakasimba kwemitemo. Nekuti mabhatiri aya ane makemikari anoshanduka anogona kupisa zvakanyanya, anoiswa muzvikamu zvepasi rose sezvinhu zvine njodzi (Class 9 Dangerous Goods).
Chinhu chikuru mukuderedza njodzi dzekufambisa ndeyekurongedza kwakabvumidzwa neUN. Zvakagadzirwa kuti zvitsungirire njodzi huru, kudzivirira mapfupi, uye kudzivirira kupararira kwekupisa, mhinduro dzakabvumidzwa neUN hadzisi mabhokisi ekutarisa kutevedzera mitemo chete - asi izvivakwa zvakakosha. Kune vatungamiriri veinjiniya nekutenga, kusarudza kurongedza kwakakodzera kunovimbisa kuti zvinobuda mumotokari zvinogona kusvika pamitsetse yekubatanidza mota zviri pamutemo uye zvakachengeteka pasina kukanganisa mitemo kana kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu.
Njodzi dzekuchengetedzwa, kukanganiswa, uye mukurumbira
Dambudziko guru rinokonzerwa nemabhatiri matsva emagetsi nderekuti mabhatiri anoputika nekupisa—kukundikana kukuru uko tembiricha yemukati yesero rimwe chete inokurumidza kupfuura 600°C, ichiburitsa magasi ane chepfu uye ichibatidza masero ari pedyo. Kana izvi zvikaitika panguva yekufambisa, kurongedza kwakajairika hakupe kuchengetedzwa, zvichiisa panjodzi ngarava dzekutakura, ndege, nevashandi.
Kunze kwenjodzi dzakananga dzekuchengetedza, kushandiswa kwemapakeji asingatevedzere mitemo kunounza njodzi dzakakomba dzekukanganiswa kwecheni yekugovera. Vakuru vezviteshi zvengarava nevanoona nezvendege vanogara vachitora zvinhu zvisina magwaro akakodzera eUN kana kushandisa mapakeji enhema. Kune maOEM anoshanda nehurongwa hwekugadzira panguva chaiyo (JIT), zvinhu zvinotumirwa kamwe chete zvinogona kumisa tambo yekubatanidza, zvichidhura makumi ezviuru zvemadhora paawa panguva yekugadzira isina kushanda. Uyezve, kukuvara kwemukurumbira kunokonzerwa nemoto wekufambisa wakabatana nemaitiro ekurongedza asina hanya kunogona kuputsa zvibvumirano zvevatengesi veTier-1 zvachose.
Kumanikidzwa kwekutengeserana muindasitiri yemabhatiri
Kunyange zvazvo kutevedzera mitemo kusingakurukuriranwe, vagadziri vemabhatiri vanosangana nedzvinyiriro huru dzekutengeserana kuti vawedzere mari yekufambisa zvinhu. Kutakura nekurongedza pari zvino zvinoita 8% kusvika 12% yemari yese inotengeswa yebhatiri reEV. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mainjiniya ekurongedza vane basa rekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwevolumetric—kuisa mamodule akawanda kana ma cell mumudziyo wekutakura wakajairwa—vasingatyore mitemo yeUN certification.
Kuchinja uku kunoita kuti pave nedambudziko guru rekugadzirisa zvinhu. Kugadzirisa zvakanyanya nzira yekurongedza zvinhu kunowedzera huremu hwezvinhu, zvichiwedzera mitengo yekutakura zvinhu uye zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwemutoro. Kusiyana neizvi, kusagadzirisa zvinhu zvakanaka kunogona kukonzera kukundikana kwemiedzo yekudzika kweUN uye yekurongedza zvinhu. Kubudirira muindasitiri itsva yemagetsi kunoda kuti pave nechiyero chakakodzera: kushandisa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro, zvakareruka kana simbi dzinopfuura chitupa cheUN ukuwo zvichideredza mutengo wemari inobhadharwa pa kilowatt-awa inotakurwa.
Magadzirirwo eUN Packaging uye Makodhi ekutumira mabhatiri
Kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi pasi rose kunotongwa neUN Model Regulations, iyo inoshanda sehwaro hwehurongwa hwakanangana nenzira dzakadai seInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions, International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, uye European Agreement ine chekuita neInternational Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).
Kune indasitiri itsva yemabhatiri esimba, mitemo iyi inorayira nzira dzekuedza dzakanyatsojeka, zvinodiwa pakuvaka, uye zvipingamupinyi zvekushanda. Semuenzaniso, pasi pemitemo yeIATA iripo yekufambisa nendege, mabhatiri eUN3480 lithium-ion anofanira kutumirwa paState of Charge (SoC) isingapfuure 30% yesimba rawo rakatarwa, uye anoda magadzirirwo akanyatsojeka ekurongedza kudzivirira kuvharika kwemagetsi uye kukuvara kwekinetic.
Kurongwa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi zvemasero, mamodule, uye mapaketi
Mabhatiri eLithium-ion akarongwa pasi peClass 9 Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods, asi nhamba chaiyo yeUN inoenderana nemamiriro ekutumira. Masero akazvimirira, mamodule, uye mapaketi zvinotumirwa pasi peUN3480 (mabhatiri eLithium ion). Kana bhatiri rakazara nemidziyo yarinopa simba, rinowira pasi peUN3481 (mabhatiri eLithium ion akarongwa nemidziyo), uye kana rakabatanidzwa mumidziyo, rinoiswa pasi peUN3481 (mabhatiri eLithium ion ari mumidziyo).
Kurongwa kwega kwega kune mirairo yakasiyana yekurongedza (semuenzaniso, PI 965 yeUN3480). Mabhatiri eEV ane simba guru anowanzo pfuura mwero wehuremu hwakajairika, kazhinji achirema pakati pe400 kg ne800 kg. Mapaketi aya makuru anowanzo da zvitupa zveLarge Packaging (LP), zvakaita seUN 50A (steel large packaging) kana UN 50B (aluminium), ayo anoongororwa nenzira dzakagadzirwa dzakagadzirirwa mabasa anorema emaindasitiri.
Zviratidzo zveUN, bvunzo, uye hurongwa hwemitemo
Chiratidzo cheUN chinopa pfupiso inozivikanwa pasi rose yezvaikwanisa kuitwa nepakeji. Tambo yakajairika, yakaita se 4A/Y20/S/23/USA/M1234, inoratidza rudzi rwekurongedza (4A yebhokisi resimbi), Boka reKurongedza rarinozadzisa (Y yeBoka reKurongedza II), huremu hwepamusoro mumakirogiramu (20), zviri mukati maro (S yezvakasimba), gore rekugadzirwa (23), nyika inobvumidza, uye kodhi yemugadziri.
Kuti uwane chiratidzo ichi, kurongedza kwemuenzaniso kunofanirwa kupasa bvunzo dzakawanda dzemuviri dzakaoma. Izvi zvinosanganisira bvunzo yekudonha kwemamita 1.2 pamatanho akasiyana-siyana ekufananidzira madonhwe ekubata, uye bvunzo yekurongedza apo pakeji inofanira kutsungirira mutoro usingachinji wakaenzana nemurwi wemamita matatu emapakeji akafanana kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana pasina shanduko yechimiro inogona kukanganisa bhatiri.
Zvinodiwa zvikuru zvekutenga nekugadzira zvikwata
Mapoka ekugadzira zvinhu nekugadzira mapurasitiki anofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi nenjodzi dziripo dzemakemikari emabhatiri uye fomati yacho. Boka reUN Packing Group (PG) rinosarudza huwandu hwengozi yezvinhu uye rinosarudza kuomarara kwepakeji inodiwa. Mabhatiri mazhinji eLi-ion akajairika anoda kurongedza kwePG II (Medium Danger), nepo mabhatiri akakuvara kana asina kunaka achida kurongedza kwePG I (High Danger).
| Boka reKurongedza | Nhanho yeNjodzi | Kodhi yeUN Mark | Kureba kwekuyedza kweDonhedza | Kushandiswa Kwakajairika Kwebhatiri |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PG I | Yakakwirira | X | Mamita 1.8 | Mabhatiri akakuvara, asina kunaka, kana kuti akadzorerwa (DDR) |
| PG II | Pakati nepakati | UYE | 1.2 mamita | Masero eEV akajairika, mamodule, uye mapaketi ekugadzira |
| PG III | Zvakaderera | NE | 0.8 mamita | Mabhatiri emagetsi asingashandise simba rakawanda (haawanzo kuwanikwa pamagetsi emagetsi) |
Mainjiniya anofanirwa kudoma nzvimbo yemukati medunnage—yakadai semafuro anodzivirira kusimba, ma separator akaomarara, uye ma blister trays asingatsve—kuva nechokwadi chekuti bhatiri harigone kuchinja panguva yekufambisa, nokudaro zvichidzivirira kukuvara kwe terminal uye ma short circuits. Kubatanidzwa kwese (bhokisi rekunze pamwe nenzvimbo yemukati medunnage nebhatiri) kunofanirwa kuyedzwa uye kusimbiswa seyuniti imwe chete, yakabatana.
Maitiro Ekuenzanisa Sarudzo Dzekurongedza Dzakasimbiswa neUN
Nekutevedza mitemo yakatarwa, masangano anofanira kusarudza magadzirirwo ekurongedza anoenderana nekumhanya kwecheni yavo yekugovera, nzira dzekutakura, uye zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza. Musika uyu unopa mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasimbiswa neUN kubva pamakatoni efiberboard anoshandisika kusvika kumakontena esimbi anorema, anogona kushandiswazve, ane tracking yeIoT.
Kusarudza magadzirirwo akakodzera kunoda ongororo yeTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO). Kunyange hazvo bhokisi resimbi rinoshandiswa kamwe chete risingabvumidzwe neUN richigona kudhura $15, mudziyo wesimbi unogona kushandiswazve wakagadzirirwa kufamba kwemaawa makumi mashanu kusvika zana uchava nemari yakawanda yekutanga asi unogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekurongedza pakutumira kwega kwega mumakore akawanda ekugadzira zvinhu.
Mhando dzakanakisisa dzekurongedza dzemasero, mamodule, uye mapaketi
Chimiro chebhatiri ndicho chinosarudza kurongedza kwakakodzera. Masero e cylindrical kana prismatic anotumirwa muhuwandu anowanzo kurongedzwa muUN 4G (fiberboard boxes) kana UN 4H2 (solid plastic boxes) achishandisa matireyi epurasitiki akaumbwa kana madivider kuti aparadzanise materminals ega ega. Izvi zvinowedzera huwandu hwemaseru anotakurwa nemagetsi akawanda.
Kune mamodule ebhatiri ari pakati nepakati, mabhokisi eUN 4A (simbi) kana UN 4B (aluminium) ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa. Aya maumbirwo akaomarara anodzivirira mabusbar emodules akafumurwa nemaplate ekutonhodza kubva mukupindira kwekinetic. Mapaketi emabhatiri eEV akagadzirwa zvakakwana, ayo akakura uye akaomarara, anotumirwa chete mumafuremu esimbi eUN 50A akagadzirwa nemaoko kana mabhokisi akasimba ane maforklift akabatanidzwa uye nzvimbo dzinorema dzekutakura zvinhu kuti zvifambe zvakanaka kana kuti zvifambe mugungwa.
Kuchinjana kwemitengo, kushandiswazve, uye mashandiro
Sarudzo pakati pekurongedza kwekushandisa kamwe chete (kunogona kuwedzerwa) uye kunoshandiswazve nenzira dzakawanda (kunogona kushandiswazve) inotsigirwa nehurongwa hwezvinhu. Kurongedza kunogona kushandiswazve kunoshanda zvikuru muzvitoro zvinotengesa zvinhu zvakavharwa—sekutakura mamodule kubva kumugadziri wemaseru kuenda kufekitori yekuunganidza mapakeji iri munzvimbo iyoyo. Kugadzira mamodule emari kunowanzo ratidza nzvimbo yekuenzana pakati pe12 ne15 cycles; kupfuura izvi, mabhini esimbi anogona kushandiswazve kana epurasitiki anorema anopa ROI yepamusoro.
| Chiyero | Kushandiswa Kamwe Chete (semuenzaniso, UN 4G Fiberboard/Huni) | Inogona kushandiswazve (semuenzaniso, UN 4A Steel / 4H2 Plastiki) |
|---|---|---|
| Mutengo wepamberi paYuniti | Yakaderera ($10 - $50) | Yakakwira ($200 - $1,500+) |
| Mutengo parwendo (pamaseti makumi mashanu) | $10 - $50 (pamwe chete nekuraswa kwechinhu) | $4 - $30 (kusanganisira zvinhu zvinodzoserwa) |
| Zvinodiwa Here Kuti Ushandise Reverse Logistics? | Aihwa | Ehe (Kutakura zvinhu zvisina chinhu mumidziyo yekudzosera) |
| Dziviriro Yedanho | Zviri pakati nepakati (zvinogona kukanganiswa nehunyoro/kupwanywa) | Yakakwirira (inodzivirira mamiriro ekunze, inodzivirira kupwanyika zvakanyanya) |
| Kugara kwenguva refu | Kugadzirwa kwemarara akawanda, CO2 yakaderera pakutanga | Hapana marara, CO2 yakawanda pakutanga, inoda kucheneswa |
Mhinduro dzekugadzirisa dzakasarudzika vs dzakajairwa
Kurongedza kwakajairika, senge mafambiro eVDA KLT anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mubazi rezvemotokari muEurope, kunobvumira vagadziri kuwana macontainer ane certification yeUN kubva pamusika, zvichibvisa nguva yekugadzirwa. Mhinduro dzakajairika dzakanakira masero eprismatic akajairwa kana saizi dzemamodule akajairika.
Zvisinei, mageometri emagetsi emagetsi anowanzo da kurongedza kwakagadzirirwa iwe. Kugadzira mhinduro yakagadziriswa neUN kunoda mari yakawanda yekutanga, nemari yekushandisa maturusi edunnage anotangira pamadhora zviuru gumi nemashanu kusvika zviuru makumi mana ($15,000) kusvika pamadhora zviuru makumi mana ($40,000), pamwe nemari yekuyedzwa kweUN certification (kazhinji pamadhora zviuru zvishanu kusvika zviuru gumi ($5,000) padhizaini yega yega). Pasinei nemitengo iyi, kurongedza kwakagadzirirwa iwe kunoderedza marara ehuwandu, zvichiita kuti pave nehuwandu hwakawanda hwemapaketi pamudziyo wekutumira uye pakupedzisira kuderedza mari inoshandiswa pakutakura zvinhu pasi rose.
Matanho Ekutevedzera Mutemo uye Kutakura Zvinhu Kuti Utumirwe Mabhatiri Zvakachengeteka
Kutenga mapurasitiki ane chitupa cheUN ingori nhanho yekutanga chete; kuchengetedza kutevedzera mitemo panguva yekurodha nekutakura ndipo panotadza kushanda zvakanaka macheni mazhinji emagetsi. Kutakura mabhatiri matsva kunoda kuti Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) ive nechokwadi chekuti mapurasitiki ane chitupa anoshandiswa sezvaakaitwa.
Chinhu chakakosha padanho iri rekushanda ndechekugadzirisa zvinhu zvisingaitwe, kunyanya kana uchibata mabhatiri anokundikana kudzora mhando kana akakuvara mumunda. Masangano anotonga anobata mabhatiri e lithium-ion akakanganisika nekungwarira kukuru, achiraira nzira dzakagadzirwa dzekudzivirira dzinogona kugadzirisa kumanikidzwa kusvika ku300 kPa uye kudzivirira kupararira kwemoto wekunze.
Maitiro ekutumira zvinhu zvakakosha kune vagadziri nezvikwata zvekutakura zvinhu
Nzira huru yekufambisa zvinhu inotanga nekutonga kweState of Charge (SoC) inosimbiswa. Mabhatiri anofanira kuburitswa kusvika pamuganhu wemutemo (semuenzaniso, 30% yekufambisa nendege) uye kunyorwa. Tevere, bhatiri rinofanira kuiswa mupakeji uchishandisa dunnage chaiyo yemukati yakatsanangurwa mumushumo wekuyedza weUN. Kutsiva furo rakasiyana kana kusiya chivharo chepurasitiki zvinobvisa chitupa cheUN ipapo ipapo.
Kana zvangovharwa, kunze kwepakeji kunofanirwa kunyorwa nemazvo uye kunyorwa mazita. Izvi zvinosanganisira label yeClass 9 Lithium Battery hazard, nhamba yeUN (semuenzaniso, UN3480), uye label yeCargo Aircraft Only (CAO) kana zvichibvira. Chekupedzisira, Dangerous Goods (DG) Declaration inofanira kugadzirwa nemutakuri wezvinhu zvine njodzi ane certified, achisunga zviri pamutemo mugadziri kuti ateerere kutumirwa kwepakeji.
Kubata mabhatiri akakuvara kana asina kunaka
Kubata mabhatiri akakuvara, asina kunaka, kana kuti akadzoserwa (DDR) kunounza zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekufambisa. Pasi pemitemo yakaita seSpecial Provision 376 (ADR/IMDG), mabhatiri eDDR anogona kukanganiswa nekukurumidza kana kuti kupisa kunobva kwanyanya anofanira kutakurwa mupakeji yeUN Packing Group I (X-rated).
Matangi aya akagadzirwa nesimbi ine gauge yakawanda uye akafukidzwa nezvinhu zvekuchengetedza kupisa. Kurongedza kwemukati kunoda kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingatsvi, zvisingabatike se vermiculite kana ma granules ekudzivirira moto (semuenzaniso, PyroBubbles). Kurongedza kweDDR kwepamusoro kunogonawo kusanganisira masisitimu ekuchenesa gasi kuti abudise gasi rine chepfu re hydrofluoric (HF) zvakachengeteka uku riine marimi emoto uye ma projectiles panguva yekupisa.
Kukundikana kunowanzoitika kunokonzera kunonoka uye faindi
Kutevedzwa kwemitemo mukutakura zvinhu zvemabhatiri kwakaoma, uye kutadza kwekutonga kana kushanda kune zvirango zvakakura. Zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa zvinosanganisira kutakura mabhatiri paSoC inopfuura 30% nemhepo pasina mvumo yepamutemo, kushandisa machira ane zviratidzo zveUN zvisingaverengeki kana kuti zvakavharika, kana kutadza kuzivisa kutumira kwacho nemazvo pamagwaro eDG.
Migumisiro yemari yekukundikana uku yakakura. Pasi pemitemo yeFAA neUS DOT, zvirango zvevanhu vanotyora mitemo yezvinhu zvine njodzi zvinogona kudarika $80,000 pakutyora mitemo, uye kutyora nemaune mitemo yekuchengetedza kunogona kukonzera kupomerwa mhosva. Uyezve, vanopa midziyo nevanotumira zvinhu vachabva varambidza vagadziri vane nhoroondo yekukundikana kutevedzera mitemo, zvichikanganisa kugona kwavo kuparadzira zvigadzirwa pasi rese.
Maitiro Ekusarudza Mutengesi Wemapakeji Ane Chitupa Chisina Chitupa
Nekuti mutoro wekutakura zvinhu zvine njodzi uri pamusoro pemutumi, kusarudza mugadziri wemapakeji chisarudzo chekutevedzera mitemo. Mutengesi haafanire kungova nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvakasimba chete asiwo hunyanzvi hwekutonga kuti afambise shanduko dzemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi pasi rose.
Pakuongorora vanogona kuva vadyidzani, maOEM emotokari nevagadziri vemabheteri vanofanira kutarisa kupfuura mitengo yeyuniti. Vanofanira kuongorora masisitimu ekutarisira mhando yemutengesi, kuwanda kwekugadzirwa, uye kugona kutsigira hupenyu hwemapakiti, kunyanya kana Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs) yemabhokisi eUN akagadziriswa anogona kubva pa500 kusvika 2,000 units.
Kufanirwa kwemupi wezvitupa uye zvinodiwa zvekuongorora
Mupi wezvinhu zvepakeji ane hunyanzvi hweUN anofanira kushanda pasi pehurongwa hwakasimba hwekutarisira mhando, hunowanzo bvumidzwa neISO 9001 certification. Nekuti certification yeUN inopihwa zvichibva pane prototype, mutengesi anofanira kuratidza kuenderana kwakakwana mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda; chero kutsauka muukobvu hwezvinhu, kusimba kweweld, kana huwandu hwe fiberboard hunogona kukonzera kuti chigadzirwa chikundikane pasi pekumanikidzwa chaiko.
Zvinodiwa pakuongorora zvinhu zvinofanira kusanganisira kuona kuti mutengesi anogona kuwana nzvimbo dzekuyedza dzakasimbiswa neISTA. Vatengesi vane hunyanzvi hwekuongorora zvinhu zvemukati meimba vanogona kudzokorora magadzirirwo akagadzirwa nekukurumidza kupfuura avo vanovimba nema laboratori echitatu. Pamusoro pezvo, zvikwata zvekutenga zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuda kuti zvinhu zvinyatsoteverwa uye kukumbira mishumo yekutanga yeUN yekuyedza kuti isimbise kuti kurongedza kwakaedzwa nemutoro wemhando yepamusoro unomiririra huwandu hwebhatiri remutengi uye geometry.
Kuenzanisa kutevedzera mitemo, mutengo wehupenyu hwese, uye kukodzera kwekushanda
Sarudzo yekupedzisira inoda kuyera kutevedzera mitemo nemitengo yehupenyu hwese uye kubatanidzwa kwekushanda. Pakurongedza simbi inogona kushandiswazve, vatengi vanofanira kuongorora nzvimbo yemutengesi. Kutsvaga magaba esimbi anorema kubva kumutengesi wekune dzimwe nyika kunogona kukonzera mitengo yakawanda yekutakura zvinhu zvisina chinhu; saka, kuisa magaba ekugadzira pedyo nebhatiri guru kazhinji kunokosha.
Vatengi vanofanirawo kushanda pamwe chete nevatengesi kuti vagadzire kuti zvinhu zvikwane. Izvi zvinoreva kuona kuti kontena reUN-certified rinosangana zvakanaka nemotokari dzinotungamirirwa nemagetsi (AGVs) pasi pefekitori, rinokwana zvakakwana mukati memidziyo yekutumira yeISO yakajairwa kuti ishandise macube zvakanyanya, uye rine nzira dzekugadzirisa dzinoita kuti zvinhu zvisashande zvakanaka panguva yekurodha nekuburitsa zvinhu. Mutengesi akasarudzwa zvakanaka anoshanda semubatsiri wechikwata chemainjiniya, achivhara musiyano uripo pakati pekutevedzera mitemo yezvinhu zvine njodzi uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira zvinhu.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva
- Mhedzisiro yakakosha uye chikonzero cheIndasitiri yeMagetsi Matsva
- Magadzirirwo, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa usati waita chibvumirano
- Matanho anotevera anoshanda uye mazano anogona kushandiswa nevaverengi ipapo ipapo
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Zvinorevei kurongedza zvine chitupa cheUN pakutumirwa kwemabhatiri emagetsi?
Zvinoreva kuti paki iyi yakapasa bvunzo dzeUN dzezvinhu zvine njodzi dzekukanganisa, kurongedza, uye kuchengetedza, uye yakatenderwa kutakura mabhatiri eClass 9 akadai se lithium-ion cells, modules, kana mapaketi.
Ndeipi nhamba yeUN inoshanda pamabhatiri e lithium-ion?
UN3480 inoshanda kumabhatiri e lithium-ion akazvimiririra. UN3481 inoshanda kana mabhatiri akazara nemidziyo kana kuti ari mumidziyo. Kugadziriswa chaiko ndiko kunosarudza mirairo yekurongedza inodiwa.
Sei kurongedza nguva dzose kwemaindasitiri kusina kukwana pamabhatiri matsva emagetsi?
Kurongedza kwakajairika hakugone kudzivirira ma "short circuits", kupwanya, kana kuparadzira kupisa. Magadzirirwo ane chitupa cheUN akagadzirwa kuti agadzirise njodzi dzezvinhu zvine njodzi uye kuderedza kubatwa kwezvinhu, njodzi yemoto, uye kutadza kutevedzera mitemo.
Pane miganhu yekutumira nendege here kumabhatiri e lithium-ion?
Ehe. Kune akawanda maUN3480 anotumirwa nendege, mitemo yeIATA inoda kuti muripo wezvinhu uiswe pa30% kana pasi payo, pamwe chete nezvinodiwa pakurongedza, kunyora mazita, uye magwaro.
Mabhatiri emagetsi anoda chitupa chekurongedza zvakakura riini?
Mapaketi makuru kana anorema, anowanzoita 400–800 kg, angangoda zvitupa zveLarge Packaging zvakaita seUN 50A kana UN 50B, zvichienderana nechinhu chacho uye dhizaini yakagamuchirwa.